[2026] PTE Academic Writing - Summarize written text

Green hydrogen is emerging as a critical pillar of the global energy transition, particularly for decarbonizing heavy industries that are difficult to electrify with traditional batteries. Unlike conventional hydrogen production, which relies on natural gas and releases significant carbon dioxide, green hydrogen is produced through electrolysis powered by renewable energy sources like wind and solar. This zero-emission fuel has the potential to replace coal in steel manufacturing and provide a clean energy source for massive cargo ships that currently rely on heavy fuel oil.

Despite its promising future, the widespread implementation of a green hydrogen economy is currently hindered by high production costs and low energy efficiency during the conversion process. Furthermore, hydrogen’s low density makes storage and long-distance transport technically challenging, requiring the development of specialized high-pressure tanks or chemical carriers like liquid ammonia. However, as governments provide subsidies and electrolysis technology scales up, green hydrogen is expected to become cost-competitive with fossil fuels within the next decade. International cooperation in building shared hydrogen infrastructure will be essential for creating a resilient, carbon-neutral global economy.