[2026] PTE Academic Writing - Summarize written text

Urban green spaces, such as parks, community gardens, and tree-lined streets, have become essential components of modern urban planning due to their significant public health benefits. Historically, these areas were primarily designed for aesthetic appeal or recreational purposes, but recent research has shifted the focus toward their biological and psychological importance. As metropolitan populations continue to expand, the integration of nature into the built environment is increasingly viewed as a necessity rather than a luxury.

Current scientific studies demonstrate that regular exposure to green environments can significantly reduce cortisol levels, which are primary biological markers of stress. Furthermore, these spaces facilitate cognitive restoration, allowing individuals to recover from the mental fatigue associated with intensive city life. Beyond individual psychological health, urban greenery fosters social interaction and community cohesion, providing shared spaces that mitigate the isolation often experienced in densely populated districts.