[2026] PTE Academic Reading - Re-order paragraphs

One famous example frequently cited in academic literature is the tragic case of Kitty Genovese, which sparked initial research into this behavior.

Studies suggest that bystanders often observe the reactions of others to gauge the severity of a situation before deciding whether to intervene.

This occurs because the perceived presence of others often leads to a diffusion of responsibility among the group members.

Understanding these psychological barriers is essential for developing training programs that encourage proactive behavior in emergency situations.

The bystander effect is a social psychological phenomenon where individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when other people are present.