[2026] PTE Academic Reading - Multiple Choice, Single Answer

Biophilic design, an innovative approach to architecture and urban planning, seeks to seamlessly integrate natural elements into the built environment. Proponents of this philosophy argue that humans possess an innate, evolutionary connection to the natural world, a concept known as biophilia. By incorporating features such as natural lighting, interior vegetation, and organic materials, architects can significantly enhance the psychological well-being of building occupants. Empirical studies consistently demonstrate that employees working in biophilic spaces report reduced stress levels, heightened creativity, and lower rates of absenteeism compared to those in conventional, sterile offices. However, critics often point to the elevated initial costs and ongoing maintenance requirements associated with living green walls and complex natural ventilation systems. Despite these financial considerations, the long-term economic benefits, driven by improved human performance and energy efficiency, arguably outweigh the upfront expenditures, making biophilic design a crucial component of sustainable urban development.