[2026] PTE Academic Reading - Re-order paragraphs

To mitigate these impacts, many cities are now investing in reflective roofing materials and the expansion of urban green spaces.

This temperature disparity is primarily caused by the abundance of heat-absorbing surfaces, such as asphalt roads and concrete buildings.

Additionally, the relative lack of vegetation in urban centers limits the cooling benefits provided by evapotranspiration.

Many large cities experience significantly higher temperatures compared to their surrounding rural areas, a phenomenon known as the urban heat island effect.

Consequently, these elevated temperatures can lead to increased energy consumption for air conditioning and higher rates of heat-related illnesses.