[2026] PTE Academic Reading - Re-order paragraphs

Consequently, these small settlements eventually evolved into the first organized city-states, laying the groundwork for modern civilization.

With the basic need for survival met, individuals began to specialize in crafts, trade, and the administration of public affairs.

By mastering the cultivation of crops such as wheat and barley, early humans were able to produce a reliable surplus of food.

This newfound stability led to a rapid increase in population density and the formation of complex social hierarchies.

The development of agriculture was the primary catalyst that allowed nomadic societies to transition into settled, permanent communities.