[2026] PTE Academic Listening - Fill in the Blanks (Type In)

The bystander effect is a social psychological phenomenon in which individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when other people are present. This behavior is often attributed to the of responsibility, where each person assumes someone else will intervene. In a famous study, researchers found that the of assistance decreases as the number of witnesses increases. Social also plays a role, as individuals look to others to determine how to react in ambiguous situations. If others remain , the individual may conclude that no emergency actually exists. Understanding these social is essential for developing programs that encourage active bystander intervention. Such training aims to empower people to overcome the barriers that prevent them from taking action.