[2026] PTE Academic Writing - Summarize written text

Hydroponics, the method of growing plants in nutrient-rich water solutions instead of soil, has become an increasingly popular solution for sustainable urban agriculture. This technique allows for the precise control of essential minerals and oxygen levels, which can lead to significantly faster growth rates and higher crop yields compared to traditional farming. Since hydroponic systems are often closed-loop, they utilize up to 90 percent less water, making them ideal for arid regions or cities where space and resources are limited.

Despite these environmental benefits, the initial setup and maintenance of hydroponic systems can be prohibitively expensive for small-scale farmers. The reliance on artificial lighting and automated water pumps means that these systems require a continuous and stable supply of electricity, which can increase the overall carbon footprint if non-renewable energy is used. Furthermore, the lack of a natural soil buffer makes the plants highly vulnerable to rapid changes in nutrient concentrations or mechanical failures in the irrigation system. Nevertheless, as technology becomes more affordable and the demand for local produce grows, hydroponics is expected to play a crucial role in enhancing global food security while minimizing the environmental impact of food production.