[2026] PTE Academic Reading - Multiple Choice, Single Answer

The rapid advancement of bio-remediation—the use of microorganisms to clean up contaminated soil and water—has been framed as a natural, non-invasive alternative to traditional dredging and chemical treatment. By harnessing the metabolic power of bacteria and fungi, scientists can neutralize toxic oil spills or heavy metals without further damaging the surrounding ecosystem. Proponents argue that this 'living' technology is the most sustainable way to heal the planetary damage caused by industrial waste. However, this enthusiasm often underestimates the unpredictable nature of introducing or stimulating specific microbial populations in a complex environment. An organism that is effective in a controlled laboratory setting may behave very differently in the wild, potentially outcompeting native species or creating unforeseen byproducts. Furthermore, the long-term effects of large-scale bio-remediation on local biodiversity are still poorly understood. To ensure that our cure is not worse than the disease, we must approach bio-remediation with a philosophy of 'biological humility.' A sustainable future requires us to recognize that while microbes are powerful allies, they are not a substitute for the fundamental prevention of industrial pollution.