[2026] PTE Academic Listening - Fill in the Blanks (Type In)

The development of modern ethics is deeply rooted in the philosophical of ancient Greece. Thinkers such as Aristotle argued that the goal of human life is to achieve eudaimonia, or a state of . This approach emphasizes the cultivation of , such as courage and justice, to guide our moral decisions. In contrast, utilitarian philosophers focus on the of an action to determine its moral value. They suggest that we should act in a way that maximizes the overall of the greatest number of people. While these theories often conflict, they both provide a for evaluating what it means to live a good life.