[2026] PTE Academic Reading - Multiple Choice, Multiple Answers

Iceland is uniquely positioned on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a divergent tectonic plate boundary that separates the Eurasian and North American plates.This specific geological setting creates an environment with exceptionally high levels of volcanic and geothermal activity.Consequently, Iceland has harnessed this natural phenomenon to become a global pioneer in the utilization of renewable geothermal energy.

The process involves tapping into the earth's natural heat by drilling deep wells into subterranean reservoirs of pressurized water and steam.This high-temperature steam is then extracted and directed into turbines to generate electricity.Once the steam passes through the turbines, it condenses back into hot water, which is subsequently used for direct heating purposes across the country.

Today, geothermal power provides heating for approximately 90 percent of Icelandic households and contributes significantly to the nation's electricity grid.This heavy reliance on geothermal resources has drastically reduced Iceland's dependence on imported fossil fuels, lowering greenhouse gas emissions.Furthermore, the leftover geothermal water is often routed to public swimming pools and therapeutic spas, most notably the famous Blue Lagoon, creating a thriving tourism industry.